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Advantages of the method.
Treatment of stroke with umbilical cord blood stem cells, that is, cord blood transfusion, does not replace the main treatment in patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke, but is only an addition to the main drug treatment. Allogeneic venous blood cells improve the cognitive abilities of the brain, motor activity, and promote rapid recovery.
Numerous studies show that early treatment with this method improves the prognosis of recovery. Patients notice an improvement in their condition within a couple of weeks after the infusion. Despite the fact that cord blood cells are removed from the patient’s body in 6–8 weeks, the positive effect of the procedure still persists for up to six months.
Treatment of stroke with umbilical cord blood stem cells.
Safety of the method.
Cord blood transfusion is considered a safe procedure for a number of reasons:
- The selection of a blood donor does not occur on an emergency basis; the selection procedure is carried out very carefully.
- Infusions are carried out in small volumes over several days.
- Most of the red blood cells are removed from the donor blood.
Incompatibility of transfused cord blood is extremely unlikely. Even if this happens, the reaction will be minor due to the small volume of blood and the minimal number of red blood cells transfused. In this case, the transfusion will be stopped immediately and, if necessary, treatment will be carried out.
Treatment of stroke with umbilical cord blood stem cells.
Treatment procedure.
Blood for infusion is taken from the placenta after clamping and cutting the newborn’s umbilical cord. Taking blood from the placenta is completely harmless and painless for both the newborn and the mother. Donor blood is stored in liquid nitrogen at –200°C.
The amount of blood transfused at one time is referred to as a cord blood unit (CBU). The dosage of stem cells during transfusion affects the therapeutic effect. With each infusion, the patient receives more than 50 million stem cells per kg of body weight. Each blood unit includes umbilical cord blood from 4–8 donors.
After each infusion, the patient is under the supervision of medical personnel. The full course of infusions lasts 2–3 days.
Before the procedure.
Before transfusion of umbilical cord blood, doctors carefully collect anamnesis, provide the patient with detailed information about the procedure and answer his questions.
Based on the medical history obtained, the doctor determines whether the patient can use this technique and whether additional diagnostic methods are needed. Depending on the weight and blood type, umbilical cord blood units are pre-selected and reserved.
Before starting treatment you need to undergo examination:
- determine blood type;
- examine the kidneys (ultrasound);
- check the cardiovascular system (ECG, ultrasound).
If the results show a deviation from the norm, further examination is carried out. After consultation, examination and standard diagnostics, the doctor draws up a final treatment plan.
During the procedure.
Each cord blood unit (CBU) is tested twice to ensure compatibility with the patient’s blood. The treatment plan for each patient is individual. Once the nurse has established IV access, the infusion can last anywhere from 20 minutes to 2 hours, depending on how many units are infused. During and after each transfusion, patients are visited by doctors and medical staff to monitor for possible adverse reactions.
After the procedure.
After the last infusion, a final examination by the doctor is carried out. Over the next 6 months, the doctor monitors the effectiveness of treatment and possible side effects.
About the stroke itself.
Stroke is the second most common cause of death after coronary heart disease. In neurology, this is the most common disease, which, if it does not kill, can make a person disabled. Only 10–13% of stroke patients return to their previous lives. But, thanks to timely and high-quality treatment using the latest techniques, you can avoid serious consequences and return to normal life.
Causes of stroke.
The causes of stroke are different: sometimes a combination of two or more factors can provoke a disease from which the patient will quickly recover, and sometimes one factor (for example, a blood clot) is enough for a stroke to cause severe disability or death.
The risk of stroke increases if you have:
- concomitant heart pathology (arrhythmia, defects);
- high blood pressure;
- diabetes;
- atherosclerosis;
- obesity (people with increased body weight are more likely to have strokes);
- physical inactivity;
- blood clotting disorder (hypercoagulation);
- a heart attack in the past (after a heart attack, parietal blood clots form and small particles of the
- blood clot, which circulate freely through the blood vessels, can cause a stroke);
- chronic stress;
- smoking (nicotine increases blood cholesterol);
- elderly age;
- alcohol consumption;
- psychosomatic reasons.
Danger of stroke.
As a result of impaired blood circulation in the brain, its cells experience oxygen starvation, are damaged and die.
The disease is divided into two types:
- Ischemic stroke, when blood flow to the brain is blocked by a blood clot. This is the most common type of stroke, recorded in 90% of cases.
- Hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to intracerebral hemorrhage and is diagnosed in 10% of cases.
Neurologists deal with the consequences of a stroke, because due to a lack of oxygen or hemorrhage in the brain, the central nervous system (CNS) is damaged, which leads to disruption of human life. After a stroke, both complete disability and partial impairment of motor skills, tremors, pain, and paralysis are possible. It all depends on which part of the brain the stroke occurred in, how long the oxygen starvation was and how quickly first aid was provided.
Symptoms of a stroke.
It is not easy to recognize a stroke, but the development of the disease can be suspected based on a number of signs:
- Presyncope, loss of consciousness.
- A sharp speech disorder, stuttering that suddenly appeared in a conversation.
- Visual impairment.
- Sudden paralysis, inability to move limbs.
- Changes in fine motor skills.
- Facial asymmetry (recession of the tongue, change in the curvature of the lips, sagging of one of the corners of the mouth).
- A sharp and causeless headache.
In humans, different parts of the brain are responsible for different parts of the body. So, the right part of the brain is responsible for the left half of the body, and the left part of the brain is responsible for the right. Therefore, the symptoms and first signs of a stroke will “mirror” the part of the brain where the damage occurred.
Treatment and diagnosis of stroke.
Treatment of stroke must be comprehensive and timely. The time interval between the first symptoms and the start of treatment is called the “therapeutic window.” Treatment will be effective if it coincides with this interval or is started earlier.
For ischemic stroke, nonspecific therapy is carried out, which includes:
- correction of cardiovascular disorders;
- treatment of hypertension;
- blood sugar control;
- restoration of water and electrolyte balance.
Specific therapy, which is currently used everywhere, is thrombolysis (systemic, intraarterial, mechanical thrombo- and emboloextraction). The goal of thrombolysis is to restore blood flow as early as possible in an area of the brain with a lack of blood supply, where cells have not yet died.
Before thrombolysis begins, CT, MRI and angiography of cerebral vessels are performed.
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