Diabetes treatment

Diabetes is now considered an epidemic of the 21st century. Treatment of diabetes requires an individual approach. This disease comes in several types and requires long-term treatment. In Germany there are a large number of medical societies that deal with the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Types and symptoms of diabetes

The most common types of disease are diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.

In diabetes mellitus, the absorption of glucose by body tissues is impaired, which leads to an increase in its level in the blood. Sugar disease was named in the 17th century, due to the sweet taste of urine in such patients. The condition of diabetes mellitus is chronic and requires correction and maintenance of stable glucose levels throughout life. There are the first and second variants of diabetes mellitus.

Regardless of the type of disease, 4 main symptoms develop:

1. Excretion of increased amounts of urine during the day and also at night (polyuria).
2. Unquenchable thirst.
3. Insatiable hunger.
4. Losing weight. Often occurs with type 1 diabetes.

With type 1 hyperglycemia, these symptoms have a clear onset, patients accurately talk about the time of onset of the disease. In addition to the main symptoms, secondary signs also develop. They develop over a long time.

• itchy skin
• dryness of visible mucous membranes
• increased weakness
• headache
• visual disturbances and other symptoms.

Diabetes insipidus or diabetes insipidus is also characterized by polyuria, however, the volume of urine excreted is more than 3 liters per day. In addition, severe dry skin appears and sweating decreases as a compensatory reaction to a large volume of fluid loss in the urine.

In addition, there are disorders of glucose metabolism during pregnancy. In this case, correction is not required, since after childbirth the pathological condition regresses. Hyperglycemic conditions in children are also identified.

Diagnosis of disorders

German clinics adhere to a personalized approach, which allows specialists to identify disorders at an early stage. First, the doctor will interview the patient for specific complaints and symptoms. If diabetes is suspected, the specialist will refer the patient for blood and urine tests. The diagnosis is established if the following changes are present:

1. Fasting blood glucose level is more than 6.1 mmol/l. After this, the patient eats food and takes a blood test again two hours later. If the indicator increases to more than 11.1 mmol/l, this condition is regarded as diabetes mellitus.
2. If the diagnosis is unclear, a glucose tolerance test is performed. The test procedure is simple. In this case, blood is taken for analysis on an empty stomach, then every 30 minutes (4 samples) after a carbohydrate load. In this case, Diabetes mellītus is established when glucose increases above 11.1 mmol/l in repeated samples.
3. In addition to the above tests, a blood test is performed to determine the level of glycosylated hemoglobin. 6.5% — doubtful result, more than 6.5% high probability of Diabetes mellītus.
4. A urine test is performed, and pathology reveals glucose and acetone.

There are many types of diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is usually differentiated as central and renal. In addition to the characteristic clinical picture of diabetes insipidus, CT and MRI of the brain are performed to establish the exact localization of the pathology. With central diabetes insipidus, any changes will be detected in the pituitary gland. If the disorder lies in the kidneys, an ultrasound examination (ultrasound) is performed first.

If the pathology is not detected in time, quite serious complications can develop. So, in diabetes, an increased concentration of glucose can harm the tissues of the kidneys, retina, blood vessels and nerves. This will cause complications such as polyneuropathy, retinopathy, microangiopathy, nephropathy, ophthalmopathy and others.

Diabetes treatment

In German clinics, the main methods of correcting Diabetes mellitus type 1 are:

• diet therapy and physical activity. These methods are aimed at weight loss and selection of adequate caloric intake of food. They are usually complementary therapies.
• insulin replacement. Since the pancreas does not perform its function in Diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to carry out insulin replacement therapy. The doctor selects the dose of various drugs.
• transplantation of the pancreas or gland cells that produce insulin is considered a promising method for correcting Diabetes mellitus.

In the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the arsenal of remedies is more extensive.

• a review of the food intake is also necessary, weight loss through diet and moderate physical activity is required.
• tablet forms: most often the doctor starts with oral hypoglycemic drugs to stimulate the gland cells to produce more insulin. If the drugs do not help, insulin replacement therapy has to be carried out.
• with type 2 diabetes, it is extremely important to prevent complications. It is necessary to control blood pressure and take medications to lower lipid levels (statins).

For diabetes insipidus, correction will depend on the type of disease. If diabetes is central, an antidiuretic hormone analogue is prescribed. This is lifelong replacement therapy. For kidney pathology, medications are prescribed: diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Cost of treatment

In German clinics, the cost of diabetes correction consists of the scope of diagnostics, concomitant pathology, and the need for surgical treatment. The full price is listed below.

Diagnosis of type 1 disease – from 830 Euro

Diagnosis and conservative therapy of 1 type of pathology – from 2000 Euro

General rehabilitation – from 330 Euro

Diagnostics of type 2 diabetes – from 830 Euro

Diagnostics and conservative therapy for 2 types of pathology – from 1900 Euro

Stem cell treatment – from 9700 Euro

Choosing a clinic

To select the right clinic, highly professional staff at the Clinics of Germany Center work under the guidance of a treatment expert in Germany, Maxim Rykov. They will select the necessary clinic and leading specialist. In addition, if necessary, a “second opinion” will be arranged.

Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that requires high-quality diagnosis and treatment.

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